Perfluorononanoic Acid (PFNA)
Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a synthetic, fully fluorinated chemical that belongs to the family of perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs). PFNA is a stable, non-flammable, and water- and oil-resistant chemical that is used in a variety of industrial and consumer products. It is a surfactant, which means it has the ability to lower the surface tension of liquids, and it is used in the production of products such as nonstick cookware, firefighting foams, and water-repellent coatings.
PFNA has been the subject of concern due to its potential health effects and environmental persistence. It has been linked to several health problems, including liver damage, immune system effects, and developmental effects in fetuses and breastfed infants. PFNA has been found in the blood of humans and wildlife worldwide, and it has been detected in food, water, and air in various parts of the world. Efforts are underway to phase out the use of PFNA and other PFCs in order to reduce their environmental and health impacts.
ScheduleHow does PFNA get into the body?
PFNA can enter the body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. Ingestion of PFNA can occur when people consume contaminated food or water. Inhalation of PFNA can occur when people breathe in air contaminated with the chemical, such as when it is used in firefighting foam. Dermal absorption of PFNA can occur when the chemical comes into contact with the skin and is absorbed through the skin.
ScheduleWhat are the effects of PFNA on humans?
There is limited information available on the effects of PFNA on humans. Some studies have suggested that exposure to PFNA may be associated with negative health effects, including liver damage, decreased fertility, and immune system effects. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential health effects of PFNA in humans.
It is worth noting that PFNA is classified as a "likely human carcinogen" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This means that there is limited evidence to suggest that PFNA may cause cancer in humans, but more research is needed to confirm this.
It is important to follow safety guidelines and regulations when handling PFNA or products that contain PFNA, and to take steps to reduce exposure to the chemical as much as possible.
What are the levels of PFNA in the united states?
PFNA has been detected in the environment and in human samples, including blood and breast milk, in the United States and other countries. The levels of PFNA detected in the United States have varied over time and have generally been declining in recent years. This is likely due to the fact that the use of PFNA in certain products has been restricted or phased out in the United States and other countries.
